Your Digest for Monday, Feb 05, 2024 05:59 PM


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dorsalRootGanglia.png


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  1. Promyelocytic variant - there is thrombocytopenia and DIC -> leading to a bleeding tendency. -> This variant is a medical emergency; high rate of early mortality. Complications: pulmonary or cerebral haemorrhage.
  2. Some variant causing Gingival hyperplasia - monocytic subtypes M4 and M5
    1. gumGingivalHyperplasia.png

[!TIP] Mnemonic: Seeing gum hyperplasia should make you PANiC
Panic if you see gum hyperplasia

Treatment of AML

Current standard chemotherapy regimens cure only a minority of patients with AML.
Source
Most young patients should be considered for allogenic stem cell transplantation.


Note: Dead space is NOT a cause for hypoxaemia
: DH-DLS


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| purpura - | purpura + (with normal PLT count) | purpura - | purpura of lower extremities |


Cardiac biomarkers

[!INFO] Types of biomarkers
ProteinsUsedAsBiomarkersMISTEMI.png
Don't confuse the different types of biomarkers used in MI.

[!INFO] Key points for exams:

The skeletal and cardiac isoforms of TnT (troponin T) and TnI (troponin I) are distinct. <- that's what's measured in MI.

cTnT = "cardiac troponin T"
skTnI = "skeletal troponin I"

Data suggest that brief periods of ischemia, sudden increases in preload, and physiological challenges like tachycardia and catecholamines can lead to the release of cTn.
4. Pulmonary embolism / pulmonary disease <- caused by right heart strain

Creatine kinase



Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Management: intravenous alpha1-antitrypsin protein concentrates + smoking cessation, supportive bronchodilators etc .

Source <- Dynamic air trapping in COPD.
dynamicAirTrappingCOPD.png
COPDPathophysiologyLung.png